Causes
Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine curves abnormally from side to side, leading to an S or C shaped curve instead of a straight line. It is a relatively common condition, affecting about 2 to 3 percent of the population. While scoliosis may be caused by certain medical conditions such as muscular dystrophy or cerebral palsy, there are often no events that can be identified as the cause of this condition in many cases. Common factors that can contribute to the development of scoliosis include:
- Genetics – Being of Scandinavian descent may increase an individual’s risk of scoliosis.
- Age – Scoliosis is most common among adolescents, typically developing between the ages of 10 and 18.
- Sex – Girls are more likely than boys to develop scoliosis.
- Physical Activity – Poor posture or overuse of certain muscles can contribute to the curve of the spine.
- Hormones – Hormone imbalances or changes may lead to scoliosis.
In many cases, the cause of scoliosis is unknown, and the condition is called “idiopathic scoliosis”. Nevertheless, it is important to identify the cause so that the right course of treatment can be recommended. Scoliosis is diagnosed through physical examination and x-ray imaging. Treatments may range from exercises and bracing to spinal fusion surgery.
Effects
Scoliosis can have serious effects on a person’s health if left unchecked. Over time, the spinal curvature can lead to a misalignment of the rib cage, which can put pressure on the heart and lungs, limiting their function. Some people with scoliosis experience pain and discomfort due to the unnatural curvature of the spine, and in some cases, nerve damage can occur. Left neglected, scoliosis can worsen to the point where surgery is the only option. Therefore, it is important that any signs of scoliosis are spotted early, to receive the most beneficial treatments and to prevent the condition progressing further.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis of scoliosis is made when a curvature of the spine is greater than 10 degrees and is considered increasing at a rate of more than 5 degrees per year as measured on x-rays by either a physician or physical therapist. While spinal x-rays remain the most accurate way to measure the severity of the scoliotic curve, other techniques such as a physical exam can also be used in order to categorize the curvature and determine the best treatment plan. In addition to spinal x-rays, a kyphotic angle can be measured with a protractor to further isolate and quantify the scoliotic curve. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to visualize and identify other deformities that may be present in the spine such as rotational malformations or disc herniations.
Treatment
Scoliosis is a medical condition that affects the spine, making it curve abnormally in either a “C” or “S” shape. It can be mild or severe and is usually diagnosed by an x-ray. Mild scoliosis may cause no symptoms or be painless, however more severe cases can cause pain, discomfort, and even difficulty breathing. Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity and age of the patient. Bracing may be used in young patients to prevent the curve from progressing, while physical therapy and surgery may also be used in more extreme cases. Depending on the severity of the curve, a support structure may be used to help keep the spine straight while the patient performs sports, work, or daily activities. Ultimately, the goal is to reduce pain, increase mobility, and improve overall quality of life.
Statistics
Scoliosis is a debilitating medical condition that affects the spine, causing it to curve abnormally. The condition is estimated to affect 2 to 3 percent of the population, with girls being more likely to be diagnosed than boys. It is also estimated that 3 out of every 1,000 children in the United States will be diagnosed with scoliosis. In adults, scoliosis is more common in women than men. Scoliosis does not discriminate by age, social class or ethnicity, and it can be mild or severe. Treatment for scoliosis ranges from observation to bracing to surgery, depending on the severity of the condition. Early diagnosis and treatment are important to ensure continued health and mobility.
Conclusion
When it comes to scoliosis, proper diagnosis and treatment are vital in order to ensure the best possible outcome. Treatments may include physical therapy to improve flexibility and strength, bracing to support the spine and slow curve progression, or surgery to correct the spine’s curvature and restore the body’s alignment. Consulting a medical professional is the best way to ensure that the right treatment is chosen, as each case of scoliosis is unique. Taking charge of one’s health and being mindful of any changes in body alignment is also important in preventing and managing scoliosis. With the right approach, those with scoliosis can live full and active lives.
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